Gilgamesh and Odysseus Perfect Heros Essay - 1515 Words

Gilgamesh and Odysseus: Perfect Heros Gilgamesh and Odysseus are similar not only in their physical appearances but also in the way the two of them deal with lifes dilemmas. Although Gilgamesh and Odysseus possess great strength and sharp minds, their own flaws blind them similarly, which does not aid in their quest for what they desire. As part of their heroic character, the gods must guide them in order to reach their goals. In every epic from antiquity, the greatest challenge a hero must overcome is not a monster or an evil tyrant but themselves. They wish to have glory, honor, and a place in history forever. Doing something that no one else could ever do again is what a hero desires to do. From Gilgamesh to The Odyssey, epic†¦show more content†¦Thinking they were better than anyone, they blinded themselves to the truth. The truth is that everyone is equal until they can conquer themselves. They are illustrated as being physically perfect and can outfight any man alive. This makes them perfect for describing human weakness. By showing how perfect they are, it is much easier to see the faults that will bring them down and defeat their dreams. Heroes have many flaws that must be dealt with in order for them to learn and to realize the big picture. A common weakness found throughout is pride or hubris. Odysseus had his fate sealed for another ten years because he stayed at Troy to celebrate the Greek victory in the Trojan War, and when he revealed his name to the Cyclops so that it may know who out-smarted and blinded it. Gilgamesh?s fate was decided by the way he treated his people, putting unendurable hardships upon them and the deforestation of the Land of the Living, which was protected by the Humbaba. Gilgamesh was born into partial godhood, his mother Ninsum being divine. Being two-thirds god only made him aspire to become immortal, thus achieving godhood. Odysseus was born into the royal family on the Grecian island kingdom of Ithaca. Becoming king, his ambition to become great fueled his desire to conquer Troy later on. Subsequently, the birthrights of both helped toShow MoreRelatedThe Hero Of Ancient Literature1284 Words   |  6 Pagessurveying the nature and work of Gilgamesh, Rama and Odysseus, all of them have the main characteristics that qualify them as heroes. These heroes’ were determined to do what was right for their town and their families and were set on following their dreams that they had set for themselves. These heroes were looked up to and respected by the people that surrounded them. They were needed because they gave people something to seek for and provide as a positive figure. A true hero is someone who shows and presentsRead MoreThe Concept of God in The Iliad by Homer Essay1214 Words   |  5 PagesThe Concept of God in The Iliad by Homer The American Heritage Dictionary defines a god as 1. A being conceived as the perfect, omnipotent, omniscient ruler and originator of the universe, the principal object of faith and worship in monotheist religions. 2. A being of supernatural powers, believed in and worshiped by a people.(360) I believe the first definition reflects Modern Americas connotation of the word god. The latter definition recalls the Ancient Greco-Sumerian ideal of a beingRead MoreHeroes of the Ages1130 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout the ages, there have been many epic heroes in which we hear about through stories. However, there is a rather common question of what makes them an epic hero. Not only do humans look for the bravery and good deeds in a hero, but they go deeper than that. They wish to know what lies beneath the skin. Literally, what makes them act the way they do. Psychologically speaking, there is no sure way to tell why each person acts the way they do. However, what people can analyze is th e actionsRead MoreThe Epic Of Gilgamesh And The Odyssey1765 Words   |  8 Pages Upon analyzing the two very distinct yet similar cultures of Ancient Mesopotamia and Greece, one can tell that the idolization of the â€Å"ideal hero† and their culture orientated traits played an integral role in the structure of each civilization. A civilization can be described as an organizing principle that implies common institution, social structures and values that can extend over space and time (lecture). The said cultures above both contain stories that have transcended centuries, givingRead MoreLiterary Genres In Oresteia1280 Words   |  6 Pagestragic events that leads to the downfall of the protagonist. As for an epic, it tells a story poetically about the deeds and adventures of a hero during a particular time period. The tragedy, Oresteia consists of three plays that describes how majority of the characters are involved in a cycle of revenge within the House of Atreus. Furthermore, the epics, Gilgamesh and Odyssey have a protagonist that went through a posit ive transformation during their travels. Their use of characters and plots in theseRead MoreThe Iliad, Odyssey, And Epic Of Gilgamesh1466 Words   |  6 PagesThe Iliad, Odyssey, and Epic of Gilgamesh all demonstrate the transformational process of their respective epic heroes through their strengths and weaknesses. Epic heroes such as Achilles, Odysseus, and Gilgamesh all possessed superior qualities that separated them from other individuals. Although their incredible abilities may support the societal perception of strong leadership, their weaknesses caused these characters to hold vices that went against the cultural expectations of what a strong leaderRead MoreWhat Makes an Epic Hero Essay1823 Words   |  8 PagesWhat is an epic hero? Although we would like to believe that a hero would always be there to save us as needed, that is not always the case. All heroes are different, but what makes them epic? Many would answer that question by saying because they are in an epic poe m or story; however, that answer isn’t true. An epic hero, of course is in an epic narrative, but it is what they accomplish in that specific text. First, an epic hero has to make a grand journey and be in the Gods favor or shall we sayRead MoreOdysseus Vs. Epic Of Gilgamesh1772 Words   |  8 PagesAycock HST 328 Dr. Chang 20 Oct. 2017 Paper Topic One: Odysseus vs. Gilgamesh Sometimes it only takes a few seemingly small flaws to determine if one will live a lifetime of adversity, and this appears to be the case for both Odysseus in Homer’s Odyssey and Gilgamesh in the Epic of Gilgamesh. Unlike what their grand titles may suggest, these ‘ancient heroes’ were by no means perfect people, and, if anything, it would be more realistic to attribute the concept of imperfectionRead MoreThe Analysis and Comparison of the Themes of Beowulf, The Odyssey and Other Related Epics2553 Words   |  11 PagesAn epic is best described by the Merriam-Webster Dictionary as a long narrative poem in elevated style recounting the deeds of a legendary or historical hero. Epics like Beowulf and The Odyssey are perfect examples of this definition; they are each centered on the deeds and triumphs of their heroes, Beowulf and Odysseus. All epics are similar in a way that they are made up of elements. One major element of the epic is its themes. In all epics, the themes are what make and mold these narrativeRead MoreOdyssey Fully Embodies the Greek Idea of Heroism1087 Words   |  4 Pagesqualities that Greeks perceived as valuable in men. Odysseus, a prime example as the protagonist of The Odyssey, fully embodies the Greek idea of heroism, using his physical skill, as well as his clever mind to overcome seemingly insurmountable obstacles. From escaping the Cyclops’ lair to facing the suitors in Ithaca, Odysseus chooses to use strategy over brute force often in The Odyssey and sets a precedent for future heroes of Western epics. While Odysseus has physical strength on his side, he often exercises

Cell Phones And Its Effects On Society - 958 Words

The amount of time we spend staring at screens has increased dramatically in the last few years. Prior to having these technologies at the ease of hand people spend more time outdoors and being expose to healthy elements. The time we spent staring at screens the impacted the not just our vision, but also other parts of our body. As digital use increases, so do potential vision problems, including eye strain, cancer, bacterial infection and many other that has yet to be discovered. A bacterial infection such as MRSA and E. coli bacteria that could lead to vomiting and diarrhea. When it comes down to the health issue for the use of cell phones is it really worth making ourselves prone to some potential health issues that could be avoided. The International Telecommunication Union reported nearly 6 billion mobile phone subscriptions at the end of 2011. That’s 86 out of every 100 people worldwide, those including millennial and generation Z. It a pity that we are so uneducated on how the device we use for mass communication and ease of life can actually turn around and hunt us. Man’s most brilliant and successful invention, a device that can hold more data than our brain can hold in a lifetime made our life easier than ever. We can see places that we might not be able to travel to and meet people from all over the country. Billions of available knowledge and information that we can access to keep us on our feet. This ease of information and communication had allowed our visionShow MoreRelatedCell Phones And Its Effects On Society Essay1277 Words   |  6 Pagesthe world resemble in the event that we didn t have any cell phones? Why is it that we get out of our comfort zone when we do not have access to our phones? Nowadays, cell phones have such a noteworthy effect on our day to day lives, and we owe it to the advancement of technology. In this research paper, we will take a closer look at this phenomenon by examining the evolution of cell phone devices, and it’s effects on society. Cell phones, as we know them haven’t been around for that long. The quickRead MoreCell Phone Effect on Society1526 Words   |  7 PagesClass Date Title How often do we see some people in society now a days on their phones? Whether this be to someone checking their Facebook or just messaging their friends to let them know where they are. How often could you witness to how they could cause accidents such as not paying attention when crossing the road, crime such as the increase in phones being stolen, or car accidents in the split second in which one is looking down at their phone rather than paying attention to what is on the roadRead MoreCell Phones And Its Effect On Society1400 Words   |  6 Pagespossible to carry a phone and still use it, since then there have been millions upon millions released through these forty three years of its existence, every year with a different model, system, camera, you name it, the possibilities are endless! The advantages cellular devices hold over us are massive, from calling a friend situated halfway across the world to ordering food for Memorial High School’s 5th period lunch. Another m ajor factor of our 24/7 nonstop use of the cell phone is texting. TextRead MoreCell Phones And Its Effects On Society940 Words   |  4 Pages Cell phones have been around for hundreds of years. It’s no surprise that more and more people are beginning to partake in cellphone use. Cell phones provide society with an easier way of communicating and obtaining information, but at the same time there are some negative consequences. What most people don’t realize is that cellphones are actually quite harmful to modern society. Scientifically cellphones emit radiations that can potentially produce fatal results. Overall cellphones haveRead MoreCell Phones And Its Effect On Society1480 Words   |  6 Pagesthis technology, the cell phone was created and over the years has advanced itself. The cell phone has become a necessity to many. All ages use this mobile device for either personal or business uses. Higgins states that the amount of cell phones active has increased from â€Å"one billion in 2000 to 6 billion.† Although cell phones paly an important role in the lives of many, the negative possibilitie s could cause destruction to our society. According to Russell Ware, a cell phone is â€Å"any portable telephoneRead MoreCell Phones And Its Effects On Society3111 Words   |  13 Pagesback to the office on the cell phone†, said Seven Spielberg. Everywhere you are no matter what, you will see someone in contact with his or her cell phone. The effects of them cause negative and positive outcomes within our society. Cell phones have influenced society both positive and negative ways regarding teenagers life, social interactions, emergencies crimes, and health. Cell phones have negatively affected teenager’s life in more than one way. First cell phones are a distraction to the wayRead MoreCell Phones And Its Effects On Society1698 Words   |  7 PagesTechnology and technological advances in communication, such as smartphones, were initially introduced in society to connect individuals together. However, because of the growing obsession of smartphones and technology, it becomes evident that technology is causing an opposite effect. The addiction of smart phones and technology has pushed individuals even farther apart. Further, in cell phones, an individual has a different life unknown to the people around him or her. In other words, individualsRead MoreCell Phones And Its Effects On Society2122 Words   |  9 PagesCell phones have become a necessary evil in today s society according to some people. While cell phones can have positive effects, easy access to friends and family also with the police force, paramedics, and firefighter s. The negative effects of cellphones outweigh the positives. Cellphones are dangerous and their use in today s society should be limited. From when the first cell phone was invented to the new apple IPhone 6 since coming out people have been addicted to them. People have gottenRead MoreCell Phones And Its Effects On Society Essay1839 Words   |  8 Pagesaffected by cell phones and mobile phones’ temptations have reduced face-to-face communication among people, attracted people from their study and work, and even harmed their health and life, it is urgent now to find detailed origins behind such phenomenon of cell phone addiction and then find solutions to this serious problem. Until now, on this topic many researchers have investigated people’s average using times of cell phones per day, people’s average amount of time of using cell phones per day,Read MoreCell Phones And Its Effects On Society1991 Words   |  8 Pagesadvantage of it, but is this a good thing? Cell phones are taking over people’s lives and the pattern is going to continue if people keep using cell phones the way they are, and allowing their children to use them equally as much. One s relationships, values, and time management would all be better if cell phones were not as significant of a part of people’s lives as they have become. Howard Rheingold says it so beautifully and accurately. Cell phones and other technology is changing the world and

Coeducation in Pakistan Free Essays

string(68) " of girls in class prevents boys from indulging in unruly behavior\." Coeducation is to educate both boys and girls together. in the modern world of today,coeducation is the new order of the day. most of the countries in the world have adopted this form of education. We will write a custom essay sample on Coeducation in Pakistan or any similar topic only for you Order Now in Pakistan too, there are some schools where there is coeducation whereas, in many institutes there is sex-segregation. coeducation finds its origin in Sparta,Greece. at that time,there was no distinction between boys and girls. they studied and played together. they were given academic education along with physical training. Plato,the great philosopher theorized that coeducation was essential for the development of personality. he believed that coeducation was the only way to make boys and girls beneficial to the society. therefore,west has acknowledged and adopted the benefits of coeducation since long ago. In the subcontinent, during ancient times,coeducation was present at a few places. but,gradually girls education begin to be ignored. the educational system of that time was quite different from that of today. boys were sent to gurukuls where they spent most of their educational period. They were imparted physical and academic education. the former included warfare training while,the latter comprised of study of scriptures. in medieval india, women and people belonging to lower caste were forbidden from reading the scriptures. However,raja ramohan roy,the great social reformer revolted against this practice. his succesors also played a pivotal role in revolting against the illiterate practices. Islam has stressed upon the importance of education. infact, the first word revealed was â€Å"iqra† translated as† to read†. Islam has ordained both men and women to acquire education. Holy prophet P. B. U. H said â€Å"acquire education from cradle to grave†. similarly,islam also acknowledges that an illiterate and an educated man can never be equal. During the time of Holy Prophet(P. B. U. H),mosques were the only educational institutions. there are no instances recorded where holy prophet P. B. U. H forbade his wives from attending semon(khutba),the primary tool of education. Apart from this ,there are many examples which illustrate that muslim women accompanied there men to mosques and even inquired questions from Holy prophet in the presence of men. Even today,many liberal muslims acknowledge that morality emanates from heart. Quran, time and again, has emphasized muslims to guard themselves against immorality. it says â€Å"say to the believing men to lower their gaze and to guard their private parts†¦. †. many Islamic scholars acknowledge the fact that islam has not barred both the sexes from acquiring education together as long as morality is not infringed. Coeducation, in Pakistan has always remained a controversial issue. some people want this system to be adopted in all the institutions on the other hand, there is a sizeable portion of population that is opposed to it. Both the schools of thought present argument supporting their stance. proponents of coeducation argue that it is the need of hour and that it has the ability to eliminate the problems of the developing country. nonetheless,the opponents dare to disagree. to them,the system does not confirms to the religious, social and cultural values of the society. Coeducation has the ability to cope with the problems of developing countries. for instance,Pakistan is a developing country. it will be difficult for a developing economy to maintain separate instituitions for both sexes. if coeducation system is introduced in all the schools and colleges of the state, then the cost of separate infrastructure, stationary and recruitment personnel can be saved. A country can develop only by increasing the rate of literacy. unfortunately, for developing countries, there is a dearth of well trained teachers. if both girls and boys are taught together in the same class, at the same time then this issue can also be resolved. In coeducation, boys and girls get the opportunity to intermingle and to understand each other. by studying together, they will develop mutual respect and understanding. Professor simon said â€Å" the only reason to support coeducation is that without it, boys and girls will not be knowing about each other for many years†. In a coeducational instite, boys and girls interact with each other freely. they become broadminded and overcome their shyness. There is no hard and fast rule that if girls will always intereact with girls and boys with boys when they grow up . therefore coeducation will boost their confidence level, which will be beneficial in their future life. such individuals will be more comfortable interacting with opposite sex be it at professional or personal level. Coeducation will provide both sexes an opportunity to learn to cooperate with each other. they will be working together in assignments and projects which will help them to understand the way opposite sex works. this will help them in their respective role taking when they enter practical lives. this cooperation will create a feeling a comradeship in both the sexes. Proponents of coeducation argue that such an educational system will be useful for their personality development. in a coeducation,boys will be free to intereact with girls. Doing so, will help them to understand opposite sexing a better way and allow them to develop a healthy personality.. they will,then not indulge in eve teasing. the students of today will be the citizens of tomorrow. it is the demand of today,to allow individuals to grow in a free atmosphere. In addition, coeducation will allow both the sexes to treat each other on equal terms. girls will become more confident and responsive and the boys will develop more tolerance. the relationship between them will be based on equality,respect and humanity. this will help them to overcome the centuries old system of male dominance. Researchers argue that coeducation has proved to be a better educational system as in such colleges,the results of exams are far better than in sex segregated schools. in coeducation, boys and girls compete with each other and try to remain ahead of the other one. this results in better academic results. A research conducted concluded that presence of girls in class prevents boys from indulging in unruly behavior. You read "Coeducation in Pakistan" in category "Papers" it also helps in fostering stronger bondage between teachers and students. generally, in coeducational classes, the number of violent outbursts are fewer. Presence of more than 55% girls in class room has shown better exam results. Particularly, at primary level,coeducation has shown exceptional results. Boys and girls in presence of each other become more conscious of their habits, style and appearance. they abstain from exhibiting immoral behaviour. they try their best to please the opposite sex by showing best behaviour. these habits become a part of the personality. Women of today are entering every profession in large number. they are heading big organizations. They face similar challenges as boys while finding jobs or in professional life. therefore,it is imperative that they should be given education on similar grounds as boys. Although,it is a fact that both boys and girls have different ways of learning,but still it is observed that their joint education has a positive influence overall. Infact, the supporters of coeducation speak of its benefits as if it’s the only road to heaven. Every coin has two sides. An impartial eye should focus on both the silvery sides rather than adopting a biased attitude. The opponents of coeducation believe that in coeducation, boys and girls are exposed to each other. the temptation of flirting appears more attractive than the urge to open books. It also destroys the relationship between teacher and student as temptation cannot differentiate between teacher or student. People against coeducation state that it is not the panacea to the problems of developing countries,in reality it will sprout more problems. Anyone who has attended even a few schools and colleges in Pakistan knows the fact that they are frightfully overcrowded. even girls only institutes present a similar picture. therefore, new institutions are needed and if a few are reserved for girls and boys separately,it will not be an additional burden on the economy. Perhaps, the greatest harm that coeducation can cause is to lead to moral depravity. in coeducation, boys are girls are free to interact with each other. curiousity plays its role well in this regard. the immoral standards promoted by media fill up the gap created from the germs of curiousity implanted by satan. this coupled with the fact, that the students are deprived of sincere supervision, as the teachers themselves do not present an ideal picture of morality and decency. As a result, they fall victim to sexual impurity. Religious conservatives argue that coeducation will wreak havoc to the Islamic values. As boys and girls will be easily accessible to each other, this will promote development of immoral relations between them. they support their view by stating that during the time of Holy Prophet(P. B. U. H) educational instituitions were mosques where, though coeducation was present,but the chances of going astray were limited. they further emphasise that the present coeducational system are not at conformity with the Islamic approach to coeducational system. Supporters of coeducation believe that this system will promote understanding between both sexes. However, the opponents say that if boys and girls cannot understand each other in family and home then they will not be able to do so in coeducation. why is it that a person thinks he can understand the opposite sex only when he meets his neighbour’s daughter? Further, it is believed that coeducation is a western concept. many people want to adopt coeducation because it is prevalent in west. they think that if west has it then they must have it too. They want to be more western than the west. but,they should bear it in mind that a system should be adopted only if it goes along with cultural,social and religious values of a society. Certainly,our society does not accepts the present coeducational system. Antagonists of coeducation assert that it is an urban concept. boys will grow up to earn while girls will maintain their household. they emphasize that as both sexes will play a different role, there is no logic in teaching them similar curricula in a similar manner. Even teachers of some subjects such as biology hold opinion that it is easier to teach certain chapters more thoroughly in presence of only girls or boys in the class room. They find teaching certain topics embarrassing and difficult in coeducation. Nowadays, sex education is becoming a part of the curricular. this further acts as fuel on fire. Certain educationists believe that students do not remain focused in studies in the presence of opposite sex. they remain more engaged in paying attention to opposite sex, than on lectures. Therefore,it is feared that coeducation will not raise the standard of education,instead will lower it. In coeducation institutions, boys and girls are more consumed by how they appear to the opposite sex. they spent countless hours contemplating what to wear, how to wear and where to wear. This leads to the loss of precious time which should have been dedicated to studies only. The only solution that springs to mind in view of Islamic injunctions and logic of common sense is that there should be sex segregated institutions. however, if a developing country like Pakistan is not able to do so in current situation then it is the responsibility of government to take measures to ensure that coeducation does not attacks the moral values preached by islam. Firstly, the curricula chosen should be such that does not risks morality. Secondly,government should be careful in choosing faculty. the teachers recruited should be an embodiment of decency and morality. meanwhile, the religiou conservatives should adopt an attitude of tolerance. Nonetheless,it is also important that some girl doctors should be educated in coeducation otherwise,our mothers and sisters will have compelled to expose their private parts before male doctors under ailment. but still,it is the responsibility of the government to ensure sex segregated educational instituitions whenever,it can bear the expenses. How to cite Coeducation in Pakistan, Papers

Leadership and Change Management for Woolworths - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theLeadership and Change Management for Woolworths Limited. Answer: Introduction Woolworths Limited is one of the topmost companies in Australia and has extensive areas of retail interest in several parts of Australia and also in New Zealand. Though the company had incurred a significant loss recently, the trust and the success of the company were not at all hampered. This is due to the fact that the company has succeeded in providing a good and a wide range of services to its customers. From the start of opening its new store to the present scenario, the company has gone a long way. The situation for the company was not always favourable but it was due to the proper management or leadership of the authorities and managers that Woolworths has achieved the stature it has reached at present. Leadership skills While understanding the leadership skills of the managers and the leaders of the Woolworths group, it is essential to keep in mind that it is their constant support, dedication and valuable inputs that have helped the company reach the heights it has achieved today. The industry dynamics can be static as well as evolving. The dynamics of the industry help in understanding the future performance of the industry in the different sectors it is present in. It is found according to popular studies and reports that the biggest of the retailers feel the pressure of numerous challenges on a daily basis as well as over a longer period of time. Of the few dominant retail giants and several other smaller competitors, the Woolworths Group is huge and has almost 30 million customers. The Woolworths industry has faced problems with the strategic management of the branding and made changes to the advertising agency framework. The organisation expects highly competitive market positions and concentrates on improvement of the supply chain productivity by the method of cost reduction. The organisation belongs to an industry where there is high risk as well as intensive competition. There are several existent theories of leadership including the situation theory, contingency theory, behavioural theory, participative theory and McGregor theory. The situational theory of leadership suggests that there is no particular leadership style by itself which is the best. It is dependent on the situation at hand, the people involved with whom the managers have to work and also the type of tasks and work at hand, including the several other factors which contribute towards the completion of the work (Doppelt, 2017). The contingency theory of leadership is a bit similar to the situational theory of leadership in the sense that it suggests that there is no single style of leadership and it has to be adapted to context and situation as well as the dynamics of the system. The nature of the people being led, the mindset of the leader, his mental strength as well as the tasks facing a particular group are different factors that influence a leadership role and responsibilities based on the contingency theory (Aaker Joachimsthaler, 2012). Behavioural theories of leadership focus on the study of particular characteristics of a leader, as the best predictor of leadership influences is a leader himself, and he is also the best possible determinant of his leadership success (Hornstein, 2015). Behaviours have a huge amount of possibility to be conditioned as different leaders are bound to have specific stimuli to specific circumstances. There are specifically two types of leaders according to the situation namely task oriented leaders as well as people oriented leaders. These leaders are not much concerned with the staff motivation but usually favour behaviours involving initiating, clarifying, organising as well as information gathering (Cameron Green, 2015). Another type of leaders are people oriented, who focus on satisfying the inner needs of the people who work with them. These leaders focus on staff motivation through emphasis on human relation. These leaders achieve goals by encouraging, observing, listening as wel l as coaching and mentoring their staff (Hayes, 2014). Participative leadership is a type of leadership style that takes into account t he suggestions as well as the ideas of others. The participative leadership is one in which leaders encourage all sorts of participation and contribution from group members and help them feel more accountable and committed to the decision making process (Matos Marques Simoes Esposito, 2014). In this particular leadership style the leader works in order to enhance the teamwork and ensure the improvement of communications among the employees and also better their morale (Hargreaves Fink, 2012). The McGregor Theory of leadership considers the assumption that there are two different types of leadership, style X and style Y. The authoritative style of leadership is the most important leadership style in style X, where system of work commitments rewards and punishments are incorporated. Theory Y comprises of the thought that different people have different needs and they can work towards their goals by the organisational objectives and they desire to gain the most by methods of rewards appreciation as well as motivation (Daft, 2014). In the backdrop of the Woolworths Company, it is to be noted that the company has been able to prosper due to proper guidance and management from the higher authority. The CEO Brad Banducci was instrumental, in the success of the Woolworths Company and had significant traits which are worth studying. He has always been a huge performer and has dominated whatever category of responsibilities he has been assigned with. The CEO, Banducci is a fitness enthusiast and also desires to bring about a zen-like approach to the steady improvement of the supermarket business of Woolworths. He has adopted several plans for bringing about the desired supremacy of the Woolworths Group. There are several reasons which contribute to the success of Brad Banducci as a leader. He has been educated as well as experienced in the retailing forte as many of the commerce lessons where experienced quite early in his life. He is extremely well educated and possesses degrees in law as well as commerce. He possessed the qualities of being argumentative as well as logical from a very early age and this made him even more successful as a CEO (Northouse 2015). The different types of leadership being discussed it can be said that the Woolworths company is such a type of organisation which demands active engagement with the people and also needs to give proper motivation to the employees and the group members. The members of the group also need to be aware of the company state at all times and should be asked for valuable suggestions which are a characteristic of participative leadership. The CEO Brad Banducci fulfils his role promptly and always tries to maintain the culture of the company. It will be wrong to pinpoint therefore on a single leadership style which best suits the company. Instead it might be said clearly that the best traits of leadership need to be incorporated taking help of the models and the CEO, managers as well as the people in other authoritative positions need to successfully establish the company in a top position and lead it to heights of global success (Goleman, Boyatzis McKee, 2013). It should be a duty of the leaders to maintain a balance between the concepts of transactional as well as transformational leadership in order to improve the leadership activities and responsibilities suitably. It needs to be understood that a balance is necessary between getting work done and motivating the employees and members of each group to perform better which are mentioned in transactional and transformational leadership styles. An important aspect of organisational performance improvement is the overcoming barriers for change. In this connection, anticipating the change barriers is an important step. In case of large organisations often it becomes difficult to maintain a connection between the topmost positions and the workers at the bottom levels. In order to overcome this issue, the managers at the topmost authoritative positions need to hire intermediary managers to overcome such barriers in the communisation which might negatively impact the overall performance of the organisation and it might continue to operate with inherent flaws in the internal management system. Conclusion From a proper study of the Woolworths organisation, it being a retail chain having extensive services all around Australia and even New Zealand has been able to maintain and improve its position with each passing day due to the successful leadership abilities of its managers and the skilled and high level performance of the workers in all the centres. It is necessary to understand that a company is not made by its managers alone but survives because of its workers and also by the joint efforts of each individual of the society. It is necessary therefore to work as a team and it is crucial for the leaders to maintain the balance between the transactional and transformational leadership methods to emerge better leaders and contribute to the overall success of the organisation. References: Aaker, D. A., Joachimsthaler, E. (2012).Brand leadership. Simon and Schuster. Cameron, E., Green, M. (2015).Making sense of change management: A complete guide to the models, tools and techniques of organizational change. Kogan Page Publishers. Daft, R. L. (2014).The leadership experience. Cengage Learning. Doppelt, B. (2017).Leading change toward sustainability: A change-management guide for business, government and civil society. Routledge. Goleman, D., Boyatzis, R. E., McKee, A. (2013).Primal leadership: Unleashing the power of emotional intelligence. Harvard Business Press. Hargreaves, A., Fink, D. (2012).Sustainable leadership(Vol. 6). John Wiley Sons. Hayes, J. (2014).The theory and practice of change management. Palgrave Macmillan. Hornstein, H. A. (2015). The integration of project management and organizational change management is now a necessity.International Journal of Project Management,33(2), 291-298. Matos Marques Simoes, P., Esposito, M. (2014). Improving change management: How communication nature influences resistance to change.Journal of Management Development,33(4), 324-341. Northouse, P. G. (2015).Leadership: Theory and practice. Sage publications.

Personal Growth Inspired by Love in the Epic of Gilgamesh free essay sample

A person who is feared and honored, loved and hated, strong but beautiful while still having a lot of courage has the same characteristics as many Gods. While Gilgamesh resembles this, he was only a man, not a God. Gilgamesh was abusing power and any sense of immortality which led to him breaking every single rule he had ever been given. This all changed one-day as Gilgamesh was confronted by Enkidu’s powers and realized he had met his match, which set Gilgamesh into a change of character. He becomes a more sensible person that ends up in a different kind of bonding relationship with Enkidu than ever seen before while they begin travelling on a quest to concur something bigger than what they have. When Enkidu falls, Gilgamesh goes into mourning and is completely grief stricken and withdrawing from everything else in the world. Gilgamesh seeks further into hell on earth to answer his questions about life and death. We will write a custom essay sample on Personal Growth Inspired by Love in the Epic of Gilgamesh or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He is a man who is two-thirds god and one-third man. As a man who is two-thirds god and one-third man, Gilgamesh has great power over the people in Uruk with there being no capable competition that could match or come close to having the amount of power Gilgamesh possessed. He is a fearful and powerful man who sacrifices his own warriors and rapes noble women whenever he pleased. He takes whatever he wants from his people and destroys anyone who stands in his way. He is a mean man that lives to display his impressive power. He is a man who gets what he wants in a wrong, dishonest way. The people in Uruk complain that a king is supposed to protect and defend his men like a Sheppard to his people (pp. 62). A Sheppard guides its followers and protects them from danger that may become to them but Gilgamesh did not care or agree with this statement. He has all the power over the people in Uruk where they do actually respect him as a leader but are scared to death of him as a person and believe he is a scumbag who only cares about himself. He was taking such advantage of his powers and abusing them so much that this drew the attention of the Gods. The Gods realized they must do something about this and decide they must call out to Aruru, the sky God, for help from they that created Gilgamesh. Arura needs to make someone who is strong enough to stand up to and conquer Gilgamesh’s unstoppable powers. Aruru created a strong man, Enkidu, hoping this man would be able to give Gilgamesh a challenge so he quits abusing his powers so horribly. He hopes Enkidu will be the man that can make Gilgamesh realize he’s not the only powerful beast and would have an ego to stand up to him without being frightened or giving up. Enkidu is a wild man-beast from nature that had been part of the wilderness that lived with the animals so long and thoroughly that the animals truly thought Enkidu was one of them. He was, however, dislodged from his life in nature by the powerful link between man and women after being seduced by a harlot from the temple of love in Uruk. She trains and tricks Enkidu by seducing her naked body and he falls in love with her beautiful fluent features of a woman. She teaches him life of human beings and takes away his pull to live in the wilderness but teaches him a wisdom and understanding of the world as she tames him. The harlot offers to take him into Uruk where Gilgamesh lives, telling him Gilgamesh is the strongest and he has no competition with him to cause Enkidu to start feeling defensive and weak. Enkidu fell into her trap and wants to prove to her that he can stop him and his wrong doings so he agrees to go to Uruk. Gilgamesh starts having dreams of walking under the firmament and a meteor of stuff of Anu fell down from heaven. He brought this star from heaven that descended from the sky to his mother, the wise Ninson, said to Gilgamesh about Enkidu, â€Å"You will love him as a women and he will never forsake you. This is the meaning of the dream. † (pp. 66). Gilgamesh realizes not only he may have someone who he may call his brother but also a comrade who he can rely to fight amongst his side. Gilgamesh now has a great friendship that he will remember his whole life and will call Enkidu his brother, the only man worthy of his friendship. This is when Gilgamesh starts to change his selfish behavior by giving Enkidu his friendship letting him share his fortune. Boredom causes Gilgamesh and Enkidu to make more bad choices. Gilgamesh decides to make a name for himself. Gilgamesh decides he wants to go the great cedar forest and cut down all the cedar trees but needs to fight the guardian of the forest, Humbaba. Enkidu, the elders and Ninsun try to persuade Gilgamesh that the adventure is not to his best interest and give him different opportunities but he still decides to go forward with his original intent. He continues to make a name for himself. In the middle of the battle Gilgamesh has been given the opportunity to spare the life of Humbaba but still decides to make a name for himself. Sometimes choices not only effect on the one who makes the decision but also could affect others. Enkidu tries to talk Gilgamesh out of it but he still decides to kill Humbaba. In result of killing Humbaba not only did he curse Enkidu but also it resulted into a dramatic effect on Gilgamesh. The second change that dramatically changed Gilgamesh was caused by the cursed death of his brotherly comrade Enkidu. Gilgamesh was overwhelmed with the loss and couldn’t seem to ever get over it. He became overcome with extreme emotions that he could not control. He wept for seven days and nights thinking his friend would come back but he was mainly feeling bad for himself. He was feeling self-destruction and weeping for something to happen to make himself feel better. At this point we can really understand the feelings and compassionate part of Gilgamesh that we haven’t seen from him so far. This grief from Gilgamesh is a whole different side of him compared to the towering pride that he previously had because now he is frightened, confused, and overwhelmingly sad about his loss. This also triggered an obsessive fear in him of his own personal death in the future. After Enkidu dies, Gilgamesh tries to find immortality by venturing off through mountains and crossing oceans to find an everlasting life. The third encounter that changes Gilgamesh is the death of Humbaba. He was a massive, evil creature that protected the cedar forest. Most of the people in Uruk would also say that Gilgamesh is evil as well because most people were scared of him. He does what he wants when he wants to and continuously seems to disappoint the Gods. By going into the forest and facing Humbaba, Gilgamesh gave a different view to the people in Uruk because he was protecting his city. Some would say he was doing this to make a name for himself, showing he could in fact destroy anything and everything but actually Gilgamesh was doing this out of his love of Enkidu and his people. When Gilgamesh set out a quest for Utnapishtism to look for answers, he was told about a secret plant that is supposed to restore the lost youth to a man. Gilgamesh shows a change in character at this point declaring he would take this plant back to the city of Uruk and give the plant to his people so everyone could be youthful and healthy again. Although Gilgamesh wasn’t able to bring back the magical plant to his city, the intention he had showed his people he cared and was attempting to not be selfish for once. He started out as an arrogant and overpowered king that had no respect or kindness for his people and now cares about his people and their well-being more than he did about himself. Whether or not we see Gilgamesh as an epic hero or not, the most important lesson taught through the Epic of Gilgamesh is how love is a bumpy road that connects everything together in the world. We learn from Gilgamesh that our destiny through life is affected by our close friends around us that give us a better understanding of others and ourselves throughout our life. The relationship of Gilgamesh and Enkidu fighting fate on a journey to slay evil with the help of the Gods and to survive and mourn the ones who we love and leave the world while keeping a positive attitude towards others should be an inspiration to all of us.

Bombing Hiroshima and Nagasaki essays

Bombing Hiroshima and Nagasaki essays On the dates of August 6th and August 9th a major impact on national history was made. Many of us Americans were taking part in our normal every day routines, meanwhile the United States military was dropping a Nuclear Hydrogen bomb on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Most of the Pearl Harbor revenge seekers were glad, while few sensitive mourned the dropping. Whichever one you were, you conceded that this devastating military action was in order to eradicate us from war. On the flip side of the coin, the people who lived in the city of Hiroshima and Nagasaki that were now dead, hurt, or missing, felt the wrath of war and felt it hard. Thousands of people were killed, but some survivors lived to tell the story. Many people have different perspectives on if a weapon of this magnitude should have been implemented. Writer John Hersey interviewed a survivor of the Hiroshima bombing named Hatsuyo Nakamura. In Herseys writings he clearly states the effects of the atomic bomb on Nakamuras life then and throughout her life. Hersey describes Nakamuras health throughout his work. For example, A month after the bombing, she came down with radiation sickness; she lost most of her hair and lay in bed for weeks with a high fever....worrying about how to support her children.(Hersey 203). It is implied that Herseys main purpose for writing this story is to try and make the readers relate to her situation and relive the crisis through the eyes of Nakamura. Obviously, through this technique he is indirectly showing his disapproval of the use of this military weapon. William L. Laurence, permitted to fly with the mission to drop the second atomic bomb on Nagasaki, witnessed first hand, through his own eyes, the incredible impact its presence felt. Laurence was the only reporter to know about the top-secret testing of the atomic bomb and the military took him along for the ride, a ride ...

University should provide more online courses Essay

University should provide more online courses - Essay Example Introduction of online courses for those with special needs not only makes it an attractive package for students but also has great advantages to an institution such as student population growth and boosting the institution’s image. Furthermore, there has been significant growth in E-learning globally as from 2007, the number of students in the higher education sector has become a marketing tool if not a requirement. Disabilities are considered to be diverse thus a disability is defined as any physical, mental, sensory, or other existing impairment that is related to hearing, seeing, learning, speaking or physical mobility that may immensely affects one’s participation in social-cultural and economic aspects within a setting or society. (Turnbull 19) Many studies have pointed out the need for equality of students hence it should be noted that learning is a social-interaction process. It is therefore important to break the barrier that students who are challenged face in exercising their right to participation on all available platforms in a school setting, be it, leadership, projects, library access or class participation. There should be a platform that ensures that those with disabilities no longer feel inferior to their peers but can also perform on an equal level. 2. This objective would seek to look at the advantages that would benefit both the institution and the students with disabilities. It will address the roles both parties have to perform ensure success. enquiry for the next stages. Specifically, the research phase will cover information gathering on existing E-learning initiative for the last five years on a national level. This trend data should give a useful indication of the viability of the platform. In an attempt to make the learning process better and satisfy learning needs, elements such as infrastructure, learning outcomes and the local context need

Wk 5 Assignment Marketing and Operations Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Wk 5 Marketing and Operations - Assignment Example shorts boost self confidence by reducing visibility of excess skin, reducing grip on the body giving comfort, a sex/sporty look, supporting the body and conveying a slimmer look. Moreover, our sales persons are readily available to make deliveries and assist with any product issues. Blog language and Design: use of key marketing works such as supports the body, comforts, gives a sexy, sporty and slimmer look and boosts self confidence in women. The design involves different colors fancied by women, fashions and also uses the language of sport, fashion and style. The website is developed with the target market in mind and thus has the features that attract the targeted audience. We will continuously maintain and update the site in order to for it to have current information at any time. Customers will be able to make orders online, sign up for updates on products, listen to or stream our videos, chat with us live and access our micro blogs. Main objectives are to drive traffic, collect customer feedback, avail product information to customers, give real time solutions to customer enquiries, and collate customer contact details and ultimately to communicate. We will use SEO and SEM to grow traffic through graphic displays, mobile device marketing and integrating social media. We will grow sales through sales generation and nurturing of the leads and optimization of conversations. SEO and SEM will also be used to generate results and analyze and evaluate results. The newsletter will contain such as appreciation to the customer as a business partner, explanation of the companies mission and values that are behind our products. Customers will also be given opportunity to know the persons behind the products and also request for their feedback on products. We will send the newsletters every time we have launched a new product and at the end of quarters just to engage customers and get suggestions for improvement. The mailing list will be built by software that

Physical Reality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Physical Reality - Essay Example As a matter of fact, scientifically speaking, my senses serve merely as extension cords to my brain. My senses cannot experience anything by themselves. It is my brain that decodes what is happening with my senses, and makes 'sense' out of that. Let us take a simple example to understand this. When I travel in a train, and look out of the window, my sense of sight tells me that all the trees and people are moving in the opposite direction. My brain, however, unscrambles the data received by my eyes, and informs me that it is I sitting in the train and the train itself, which move forward. And I am willing to listen to the message that my brain gives me, although it contradicts what my eyes 'see'. So it is my brain, and the way I look at the world, which dictates how I see and experience it, and which I term reality. (Note, that a child, whose brain has not been conditioned will insist that it is the trees and the people that are moving, and not the train!) There is no objective reality (as I stated earlier) even if for our arguments' sake we accepted that our brains processed data in identical ways (which they do not). For what my senses experience, and the data that my brain receives would differ, depending on the place where I stand when viewing phenomena. During a solar eclipse, if I stand in the umbra, I would claim that the sun is black, but if you stand within the penumbra you would see it as a sliver. So what we see or experience depends on where we stand, our perspective. My thought processes therefore gives me my reality, and my identity. ("I think, therefore I am" - Decartes )If we are asked the question, "which is softer, a starched linen napkin or a rose petal"(Chopra 186) we can answer this without having to actually find a napkin or a petal. The reason I am able to do this is because I have gone to a subtler level of the sense of touch, and am able to visualize that touch. Similarly I can go to subtle levels of the other senses (sights, smells etc.). Deepak Chopra states that this level of the mind is not the subtlest that we can reach. We can go deeper. When we meditate the visual image of the rose would become fainter on the screen of our mind, till nothing remains but the screen itself. "Then one would be at the true origin of the senses, the field of intelligence itself" (Chopra 186)There are several other dimensions of reality, apart from the 'physical', which, as we discussed earlier is not so objective a thing as we may imagine, but quite a subjective phenomenon. Time and energy are two of the other dimensions of reality. Think of time: what happens if we travel faster than the speed of light Reality as we know would cease to exist then, and we may travel into yesterday. Coming to energy - those who practice Reiki1 state that they experience the energy that they transmit and receive in the process of healing, as a feeling of warmth, or a tingling sensation. The fact that energy is a vital

The Fears Of The Victorinan Era English Literature Essay

The Fears Of The Victorinan Era English Literature Essay The social theory of degeneration was developed as a result of Charles Darwins theory of evolution, it was believed if something can evolve, it can also devolve (Byron, 2000: 134). The notion of evolution meant that the human race was changeable and could evolve or even degenerate or devolve. The future of human existence was now unknown and seemed uncertain. Victorians because of this unknown future held an unpromising outlook assuming that the human race was in a state of decay. Theories backing up the idea of human degeneration came from various scientific fields, such as anatomy, physiology and psychology. The prospect of the human race returning to an ape like state concerned the Victorian public and we can see the anxieties of the era present in Victorian gothic literature where the characters often transform into monstrous or primitive ape like beings. A Companion to the Victorian Novel states that the Degeneration theory proposed that the human species was suffering from an i ntellectual, physical and moral decline, and becoming increasingly enfeebled through everything from syphilis, insanity, epilepsy, feminism, radicalism, crime and immigration to the stresses of modern civilization. In charting this steady decline toward racial suicide, degeneration both influenced and was influenced by a number of branches of scientific and psychological theory(2005). Scientists from different areas contributed to this notion of there being men who were genetically determined to be degenerate and deviant ( Botting,1996:137). The gothic novels discussed in this essay demonstrate the anxieties surrounding these theories. The distressing conditions at the end of the nineteenth century in urban environments such as the City of London provided perfect conditions for writing literature of terror. The Strange Case of Dr. Jeykll and Mr Hyde is one such book that profits from the circumstances and conditions at the time of its publishing. The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Stevenson plays upon this innate fear of degeneration this is because Stevenson gave fictional form to an emerging crisis of the late-nineteenth century: the perception that the race itself was succumbing to degenerative tendencies that threatened the very fabric of society (Dryden, 2003). Dryden asserts that The fear of the beast within was the late nineteenth centurys fear of itself. Degeneracy could lead to atavism, which must be purged in order that the race evolves beyond its animal instincts (Dryden, 2003) The fear of degeneration is certainly located in the character of Edward Hyde. If we examine Hyde further he seems to fit perfectly into the mould of the criminal type of degenerate categorized and identified by Lombroso and Galton. Laurence Talairach-Vielmas states in his review of Tracing the Criminal: The Rise of Scientific Criminology in Britain, 1860-1918 that : Lombrosos theory, as expounded in Criminal Man, was grounded upon the premises that 70% of criminals were biologically programmed to commit crimes. Lombroso regarded his 219 criminal portraits as evidence of an atavistic criminal type and foregrounded the relevance of anatomical or physiognomical features, such as the prominence of the jaw, the harshness of the look, or the abundance of hair. Lombroso saw atavism as the primary biological cause of criminal behaviour and paid little attention to socio-economic factors; yet he gradually included congenital illnesses and forms of dà ©gà ©nà ©rescence in his criminal type , increasingly merging criminality, insanity and epilepsy, as underlined in his Crime: Its Causes and Remedies (1899). (Talairach-Vielmas,2007) Luomo Deliquente was published in 1875 which contained theories physically characterising the features of the criminal type. Lombrosso strongly suspected that the physical features of a person could indicate whether a person was a criminal. The Character of Edward Hyde has these inherit attributes of criminal degeneracy. These qualities can be seen not only through the horrendous and extraordinarily violent acts of crime but his physiognomy. Hyde seems to be a literal and precise characterisation of what Lombroso determined to be a criminal in his theory. Linda Dryden assets in The Modern gothic and literary doubles: Stevenson, Wilde and Wells For Lombroseo, the criminal was physically abnormal, like Hyde, whose appearance suggests to Enfield a strong feeling of deformity and the resemblance to primitive races is echoed in Hydes troglodytic appearance. (Dryden, 2003). Hyde is constantly described in a detestable nature with such words as ape-like, savage and dwarfish. Stephen Arata observes that Jekyll and Hyde articulates in Gothic fictions exaggerated tones late-Victorian anxieties concerning degeneration, devolution, and criminal man' (Arata, 1995:233). When Dr. Jekyll transforms into Hyde he therefore is degenerating to a lower form, this is highlighted and shown threw frequent comparisons to primitive forms of existence. Stephen Arata goes on to assert that Stevensons first readers could easily discern the lineaments of Cesare Lombrosos atavistic criminal. The describing words seem to flawlessly harmonize with Lombrosos description of what he names the criminal type. The Victorian reader would certainly have been able to see the comparisons between Hyde and the Criminal type and Arata goes on to further state that Stevensons middle-class readers would have had as little trouble deciphering the features of the abnormal and misbegotten Hyde, hi s body an imprint of deformity and decay, as Stevensons middle-class characters do (Arata, 1995:233). The character of Edward Hyde in addition is intensely disliked by all on first acquaintance. People seem to have this intriguing aversion to Hyde, he beholds this repugnant nature. The most intriguing point is that no one can actually pinpoint the exact root of Hydes unpleasantness. Richard Enfield articulates, I never saw a man I so disliked, and yet I scarce know why . . . he gives a strong feeling of deformity, although I couldnt specify the point, while Lanyon elaborates, there was something abnormal and misbegotten in the very essence of the creature that now faced me something seizing, surprising, and revolting (Stevenson:73). Utterson holds the same opinion and reports the same characteristics, he declares that Hyde was pale and dwarfish; he gave an impression of deformity without any nameable malformation(Stevenson:15). Uttersons subsequent connection to this uncanny aura, detestable nature and indescribability in relation to Hydes appearance shows Hyde as an exemplar of Lomb roseo and Galton theories of criminal atavism. Hydes repulsive and vile appearance is instinctively associated with delinquency and criminality. Hyde seems to radiate this evil, repugnant aura, people who come into contact with him seem to adopt this instant loathing to him. Utterson illiterates this aura of repulsiveness in the following extract: the radiance of a foul soul transpires through, and transfigures its clay content (Stevenson: 15). Hyde comes across as deformed yet he lacks the distinct physical features of an inherent deformity. Utterson finds describing Edward Hydes deformity and evil aura meticulously hard, he states that hard all these points were against; but not all these together could explain the hitherto unknown disgust, loathing, and fear with which Mr. Utterson regarded him(Stevenson:15-16). The specific qualities and features that account for his horrid appearance of deformity seem to remain unknown and evade comprehension. The Victorians held this fear of t he unknown and Hyde certainly embodies the uncanny which was a concept and theory developed by Sigmund Freud. The uncanny is where something can be familiar yet foreign at the same time leading to uneasiness. The other indicator of Hydes criminal degeneracy is an obvious one; it is his atavistic modes of conduct. The climax of the novel is the murder of Sir Danvers Carew in such a ferociously violent nature by Hyde. The crime is depicted in a horrific nature, in the following extract it is told that Mr. Hyde broke out of all bounds, and clubbed to the earth. And next moment, with apelike fury, he was trampling his victim under foot, hailing down a storm of blows, under which the bones were audibly shattered and the body jumped upon the roadway (Stevenson, p27). Hydes repulsive appearance and volatile actions show that Stevenson has played on what Pick ascertains as the Victorian fears and anxieties of urban degeneration. The plot of The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde can be compared to that of The Picture of Dorian Gray. Both novels share a characteristic gothic plot where there is this degeneration from higher to lower state. The novels expose the degeneration of the respectable middle class to a more primitive and bestial state. The middle class at the time witnessed the traditional values and family structures under great pressure as Britain observed a loosening of moral, aesthetic and sexual codes associated with fin de sià ¨cle decadence. This in turn is echoed and depicted in the literature of the time. The Victorian Gothic depicted members of the middle classes as the new victims of corruption and decay.For instance Dr Jekyll in the strange case transforms into this primitive form after taking a concoction while Dorian Gray similarity degenerates to a lower form of existence. The moral degeneration of Dorian Gray is shown through the portraits gradual decay, it is stated that the face painted on the canvas could grow bestial, sodden, and unclean (Wilde: 238). The further Dorian corrupts the more bestial the picture becomes it is the most magical of mirrors, (Wilde: 227). In Late Victorian Gothic Tales by Robert Luckhurst it is commented that The picture that Dorian Gray hides in his house is not only a metaphor of moral corruption, but is a precise record of physical degenerative decay. (Luckhurst, 2000)The visible changes that show the corruption of Dorians soul draw on Victorian fears of human degeneration and cultural decay: But here was a visible symbol of the degradation of sin. Here was an ever-present sign of the ruin men brought upon their souls. (Wilde: 78). However Dorians own appearance is unaffected and therefore his atavistic nature could not be deciphered threw physiognomy according to Victorian theory which in turn played on Victorian fears. Dorian Grays submersion in the Victorian underworld of sexual liberation, criminality and opium is portrayed in a similar nature to Edward Hydes. Wilde fuses the imagery of the upper class and lower class by having the allegedly respectable Dorian visit the poor and deprived districts of London. He remembered wandering through dimly-lit streets with gaunt black-shadowed archways and evil-looking houses. Women with hoarse voices and harsh laughter had called after him. Drunkards had reeled by cursing, and chattering to themselves like monstrous apes. He had seen grotesque children huddled upon doorsteps, and had heard shrieks and oaths from gloomy courts (Wilde: 114 ). In the previous extract the working classes are depicted as ape like beings and therefore Dorians involvement with this sphere highlights Dorian as primitive. Lord Henry asserts that crime belongs exclusively to the lower orders. I should fancy that crime was to them what art is to us, simply a method of procuring extra ordinary sensations (Wilde: 152). This previous extract not only shows the duality of Dorians nature as both a criminal and a respectable middle-class gentleman but it also illustrates the criminality of not only the lower classes. At this time characteristics of the criminal type were associated in the late-Victorian mind with the lower class, but Jekyll and Hyde and Dorian Gray both challenge that idea. For instance Stephen Arata asserts about Jekyll and Hyde that While his impulsiveness and savagery, his violent temper, and his appearance all mark Hyde as lower class and atavistic, his vices are clearly those of a monied gentleman. (Arata, 1995) Mans dual nature is a prevalent theme in Stevensons and Wildes masterpieces. This idea of people having a divided self was equally used in the Gothic novels and was a product of theorys such as the theory of social repression. This theory believed that the restricting moral codes of the bourgeoisie produced the divided and repressing life styles of the middle-classes, respectable by day and pleasure-seeking by night (Botting,1996: 136). Dorian can be noted as digressing from the higher class to the lower class sphere. Joseph Bristow remarks that Dorian wears a fine aristocratic face but possesses what may be referred to as a working-class (debased, gross, indecent) body, as he moves across and between different echelons of society (Bristow,1992: 60). Dorians character is much like that of Jekyll/Hyde, both are divided between upper and lower classes and good and evil. The strange case and Dorian Gray both demonstrate the vulnerability of the middle class to degeneration. Linda Dryden states in The Modern Gothic and Literary Doubles thatThe susceptibility of the upper class to moral decay was the theme of Degeneration (Dryden 2003). Theories of the time did not just focus on the lower class for instance Nordau took pains to insist that the degenerate population consists chiefly of rich educated people who, with too much time and means at their disposal, succumb to decadence and depravity (Arata 1996). The Victorian G othic novel certainly depicted members of the middle classes as the new victims of corruption and decay (Byron, 2000: 137). Clare Clarke illiterates that Both Edward Hyde, and indeed Dorian Gray, then, are figures that embody a bourgeois readerships worst fears not only about the atavistic and marauding poor but also of the decadent and immoral upper classes. (Clarke, 2005) Both the novels touched upon in this essay draw their power from fears and anxieties in Britain at the end of the 19th century in regards to the degeneration discourse. Problems inbuilt in human nature were believed to result in the regression to primitive forms and split personalities. Dorians corruption and decay must have been particularly alarming and distressing to the Victorian public because of his respectable middle class status, amongst the fact his physiognomy lacked the inherent signs of degeneracy and decay. Mr Hyde on the other hands appearance and uncanny nature give away his atavistic modes of conduct and his degeneracy although still alarming. This Victorian fear of degeneracy can be seen in both novels mainly focusing on the immoral higher classes and there degenerative tendencies. New theories caused this unease and tension in Victorian minds about the stability of human nature. The fact the Victorian era was that of much change, industrialization and scientific dev elopment just helped build uncertainty about the future of the human race. Crime rates were high, overpopulation in cities was rife and poverty was a huge problem just adding to theories surrounding decay and degeneracy. The mark of the era can be seen in the novels discussed toying with the fears and anxieties of the time.

Female Submission in Time of the Temptress :: Temptress Essays

Female Submission in Time of the Temptress      Ã‚  Ã‚   From the onset, the underlying theme in Violet Winspear's romance novel, Time of the Temptress, is female submission and powerlessness, especially in the sexual tension between Eve Tarrant and Wade O'Mara. Although no explicit sexual relations are allowed in the line of "Harlequin Presents..." romances, the overall tone and interpersonal dynamics of the novel infer a rape motif. Eve is completely at the mercy of Wade to save her from the jungle and she yearns to express her gratitude in a sexual manner, but contrary to the original biblical outcome, this Eve has no power over her Adam.    The first step to conceive a sexually submissive woman is to equate female powerlessness with normality in her mind. To simplify the procedure, Winspear has bred Eve with that mindset. Eve believes men and woman have always had "functions in life" --"very dissimilar" ones which "accounted for the fact that men had aggressive ways to which women submit either willingly or unwillingly." As long as Eve retains those lessons, Wade has no qualms about aiding her escape from the jungle. Wade quickly informs Eve that she must adopt the frame of mind of an Indian squaw because "Squaws are humble and obedient creatures." Simone de Beauvoir, while discussing the theory of a superior "One" and a submissive "Other," explains that the "Other . . . must be submissive enough to accept . . . [an] alien point of view," the view of the superior "One" (244). Eve readily accepts her role as the oppressed and finds nothing odd about the unspoken caste system.    Thus we come to the second step, passive-aggressive behavior: degrade her and then apologize; or repeatedly remind her that she failed, but then reassure her it's resolved and see if she agrees with your reasoning. After Eve takes a dip in the river while Wade sleeps and monkeys steal her clothes, Wade screams at her, "dammit, Eve, we'll lose about an hour of our trek because of your female irresponsibility!" (64). While looking for her clothes, Wade also loses his compass, doing what a "raw recruit would have avoided" (74). Of course this also is all Eve's fault and she is reminded of it repeatedly throughout their jungle trek.

A Study of Homoeroticism in Twelfth Night

Twelfth Night is a major site for homoerotic discourse in queer studies. However, the play is largely concerned with the idea of love, like many of Shakespeare's comedies. In order to investigate his subject further, Shakespeare periodically uses homoeroticism in order to represent various forms of relationships. The pairings of Olivia and Cesario/Viola, Antonio and Sebastian, and Orsino and Cesario/Viola, demonstrate that same-sex erotic attraction is a major theme in the play. Viola's secretive cross-dressing causes Olivia to believe that both of them are participating in normal, heterosexual interactions, while in reality they interact in a homoerotic fashion. These complex, homoerotic representations serve to dramatize the socially constructed basis for determination of sexuality according to one's gender identity. I intend to establish that in this play Shakespeare dramatically criticises the idealized norms of heterosexuality (required by his society) through focussing his narr ative on representations of homoerotic pairings and deconstructing dominant gender categories.What is the difference between a figurative and a literal analogy? Viola's transvestism spurs various relationships that fall within the bounds of homoeroticism. Through the secret of her disguise, her actions illustrate the flaws of socially constructed gender identities, defined by the socially perceived opposites of aggressive, â€Å"macho† masculinity, and silent, yet coquettish, femininity, checked by behaviour of males. Viola's success in perpetrating her secret transvestism indicates that the construction and performance of gender is not dependent on one's physical characteristics but on one's behaviour, as well as upon a set of observed and internalised mannerisms. Viola's representation of homoerotic interaction in Olivia's love for her, and in her own love in Orsino as Cesario, disrupts the traditional, feminist â€Å"us vs. them† principle, and demonstrates that constructed, socially acceptable gender identities of the feminine and masculine are attributes that can be found in either male or female. In the final scene of the play, when Viola's act is exposed – â€Å"If nothing lets to make us happy both / But this my masculine usurped attire, [†¦] That I am Viola† (V.i.249-253), Sebastian, Viola's twin brother, easily steps into the vacuum left by the revelation of Cesario's identity marrying Olivia as he states, â€Å"So comes it, lady, you have been mistook. / [†¦] You would have been contracted to a maid, / Nor are you therein, by my life, deceived. You are betrothed both to a maid and man† (V.i.259-63). The twins' interchangeable nature demonstrates to us that even the natural perspective of the world is not a gendered duality. The differently-gendered identical twins show a collapse of sexual difference as a natural process, indicating that nature never intended man to be constrained by gender binaries. Orsino proclaims â€Å"One face, one voice, one habit, and two persons, / A natural perspective, that is and is not!† (V.i.215-6), stat ing that nature is able to create two identical beings despite the natural sex difference between brother and sister, male and female. The same concept that allows a female Viola to be a male Cesario also allows male actors portraying female characters to seem authentic, despite their natural gender. Upon mistaking Sebastian for Cesario/Viola, Feste remarks: â€Å"Nothing that is so is so,† (IV.i.8), indicating that gender is not dependent solely on physical attributes. Feste later adds, â€Å"That that is, is† (IV.ii.15), commenting on his own dressing as a Parson while Feste is really a fool. This same phrase extends to comment on the fact that Viola is male so long as she portrays a male, that gender is dependant on society's perception and not on one's private parts. When Olivia queries Cesario for his identity, â€Å"What are you? What would you?† (I.v.207-208) and Cesario/Viola cryptically replies that what he is and would be is â€Å"as secret as maidenhead† (I.v.211)), Viola alludes to her true gender. However, in addition, she also hints at Sebastian's virginity that the latter admits to in the final act of the play, stating Olivia is â€Å"betrothed both to a maid and man† (V.i.263). When the effects of these statements at combined, it is interesting to observe that Cesario's response to Olivia's query refers to the maidenheads of Cesario, Viola, as well as the boy actor playing her! As Viola states later on: â€Å"I am all the daughters of my father's house, / And all the brothers too† (II.iv.120-1). Twelfth Night interrogates the exclusive nature of constructed gender categories and challenges the heterosexual hegemony by constructing representations of same-sex love. Viola's imitation of the male gender demonstrates to us that erotic attraction is neither inherently based in gender, nor a solely-heterosexual phenomenon – since Olivia becomes attracted to Viola (as Cesario), and Orsino to Cesario. In the play, homoeroticism does not follow gender stereotypes of the effeminate male or the masculine female, as in the case of Antonio's affection for Sebastian – despite Antonio's stereotypically-masculine identity, that Shakespeare shows to us when Antonio â€Å"took [†¦ Sebastian] from the breach of the sea.† Antonio's love for Sebastian is portrayed, when Antonio states, â€Å"If you will not murder me for my love, let me by your servant† (II.i.33-4) and, later: I have many enemies in Orsino's court, [†¦] But come what may, I do adore thee so That danger shall seem sport, and I will go. (II.i.51-4) Both Antonio and Sebastian are swordsmen, possessors of a very â€Å"masculine† skill, and yet both engage in homoerotic relations. It is interesting to note that, despite the fact that Sebastian is more resistant and feminine in comparison to Antonio – as he wishes to avoid causing harm, utilizing only his dagger's hilt, despite Sir Andrew striking him and paying the pestering Feste to leave Sebastian alone, instead of striking him, in the first scene of act four (lines 17-25) – Sebastian is the one who succumbs to the social constructions of masculinity and heterosexuality when he marries Olivia in the final act of the play. Meanwhile, the â€Å"macho† Antonio remains homosexual, as seen in his silence at Sebastian's wedding, which speaks louder than any vocal protest. Such relationship dynamics in the play disrupt the social notion, prevalent in Shakespeare's (and even current) time – that the heterosexual man is supposed to be a â€Å"macho† figure and homosexual man is meant to be effeminate. Similarly, Viola's feminine quality in playing Cesario inspires love in Olivia rather than the aggressive â€Å"male† traits of Orsino. Viola becomes a â€Å"better† man when she deviates from the behavioural script set out in Orsino's Petrarchan sonnet – a male form that silences the woman as an unattainable distanced goddess. The Petrarchan sonnet form, although addressed to females, was commonly read by males, used to solidify elite homosocial bonds (Marotti 396-428) as well as to promote a social discourse designed by and for men (Vickers 96). Viola's deviation from this male form creates a new female (perhaps lesbian) poetic within the pastoral setting that she constructs in her response to Olivia's refusal to love Or sino: Make me a willow cabin at your gate And call upon my soul within the house; Write loyal cantons of contemned love And sing them loud even in the dead of night; Hallow your name to the reverberate hills, And make the babbling gossip of the air Cry out â€Å"Olivia!† (I.v.263-8) Thus, Viola (as Cesario) creates a space for Olivia's reply, whereas Orsino's script (â€Å"Lady, you are the cruel'st she alive / If you will lead these graces to the grave / And leave the world no copy† (I.v.236-8) prevents response, thus portraying Olivia as an object incapable of response. Olivia anticipates her own objectification, interjecting to say: Oh, sir, I will not be so hardhearted. I will give out divers schedules of my beauty. It shall be inventoried, and every particle and utensil labelled to my will: as, item, two lips, indifferent red; item, two grey eyes with lids to them; item, one neck, one chin, and so forth. (I.v.239-44) She understands the ways in which she is reducible to an item, whose qualities consist of a checklist of characteristics, which, in turn, identify her as an unattainable, silent object of beauty. In contrast to such a mode of communication, Viola's encouragement for response causes Olivia to present her ring to Cesario/Viola. While attempting to win Olivia's heart, Cesario deviates from socially constructed male behaviour; ironically, this results in Olivia pursuing Cesario – in a masculine action. This scenario undermines the construction of categorical sex via the success of Cesario by acting as a female. Similarly, the portrayal of a supposedly heterosexual relationship, that puts the female in the place of power, counters the social norm that places the male at the helm of a relationship. One finds a similar situation in the fourth scene of the second act, where Orsino remarks that in love, a woman does not suffer so much as a man (93-118), to which Viola (as Cesario) vehemently responds, telling Orsino of her love for him indirectly: In faith, they are as true of heart as we. My father had a daughter loved a man [†¦] She never told her love, But let concealment, like a worm i'th'bud, Feed on her damask cheek. She pined in thought, And with a green and yellow melancholy; She sat like Patience on a monument, Smiling at grief. Was not this love indeed? We men say more, swear more, but indeed Our shows are more than will; for still we prove Much in our vows, but little in our love. (II.iv.105-118). Viola aggressively and passionately describes her patience though a story, taking on the role of the man: she controls the discourse as she impersonates herself, and objectifies herself as allegorical â€Å"Patience on a monument† (II.iv.14), in a verbal tour de force. Paradoxically, Viola affirms her patience and feminine character by means of being masculine (according to the gender paradigms Orsino proposes). Viola strongly explains the patience and gentility of a woman, as a disguised woman, thus deconstructing the categories of sex in general, and those of femininity as â€Å"patience† and masculinity as â€Å"aggression,† in specific. As well, Viola challenges the patriarchal social order of her society by demonstrating how she, a transvestite, is capable of deconstructing gender categories. Further, the very fact that the action in the plot – the wooing of Olivia, unbeknownst to Sebastian, and the wooing of Orsino – is mostly attributed to Viola through her planning and action demonstrates the female in power instead of a male. This fact, combined with the inaction of the male characters in the play, destabilizes another traditional notion of gender identity: the female as the prized possession and the male as its conqueror. The final act of the play exposes the failure of the dominant, heterosexual regime to fully regulate its own narrative ideals, since, in order to achieve a â€Å"happy,† heterosexual ending, which befits a traditional comedy, a series of improbable plot turns must take place. This structural necessity indicates to us that Shakespeare is ambivalently invested in the heterosexual standards that he imposes upon his play. The unlikelihood of various irrational plot turns, and easily interchangeable affections, necessary to end the play with these successful, formed relationships shows the failure of imposing heterosexual ideals in society. Despite the absurd twists in the play, there remains some untouched deconstruction of gender as well as some latent homoeroticism in the play. In line 263 of the first scene of act five, Sebastian says that he is both man and maid, in reference to his virginity, but also in reference to his character traits being both male and female. This admission destabilizes the configuration of gender by attributing Sebastian with both male and female physical attributes, albeit figuratively. This also maintains a measure of homoeroticism in Sebastian's character. Further, Orsino comments that Viola is both man and maid as well – in that Olivia will remain a man so long as she dresses in man's garb: Cesario, come– For so you shall be, while you are man; But when in other habits you are seen, Orsino's mistress and his fancy's queen. (V.i.385-388) This remark concludes that identity, gender, and its foundations are simply as interchangeable as clothing, and gender depends on the character's actions and not their physical attributes. Ultimately, the ending of Twelfth Night is not entirely ideal, since many characters – Viola, Sebastian and Olivia – are not completely happy, having succumbed to the pressures of heterosexual conformity. The true homosexual union of male and female character pairs challenges the heterosexual dominance over homosexual interaction. Viola may have won Orsino; she may even marry Orsino, but she is not completely happy since Orsino mere moments ago was willing to destroy their friendship for Olivia's sake (â€Å"Farewell, and take her, but direct thy feet / Where thou and I henceforth may never meet† (V.i.166-7)). Likewise, Sebastian, although happy with Olivia, seems happier when he sees Antonio once again at the end of the play, and exclaims in a romantic manner upon seeing him, saying, â€Å"Antonio, O my dear Antonio! / How have the hours racked and tortured me / Since I have lost thee!† Finally, while Olivia is set to wed Sebastian, she seems more jubilant with regard to having Viola as a sister, â€Å"A sister! You are she† (V.i.327), thus expressing her deeper interest in Viola rather than Sebastian. Since Shakespeare's society chose to regulate the sexual and gendered expression of its people, Shakespeare comments on the â€Å"ideal† norms of heterosexuality in Twelfth Night, demonstrating, through carefully constructed contradictions, that gender is a mere social construction. That in actuality there are no boundaries to behaviour and that there is no such thing as â€Å"homoeroticism† or â€Å"hetero-eroticism† but only Eros, regulated by attraction, love and relationship. True homosexual union of male and female character pairs in this play (as both actors are male), challenges the heterosexual dominance over homosexual interaction. Having done so, Shakespeare, due to societal prejudice, reverts to heterosexual discourse, acknowledging that despite the truth of sex and gender, one must abide, for practical reasons, by the demands of social majority.

Higher education in Canada Essay

Education, if looked at beyond its conventional boundaries, forms the very essence of all our actions. What we do is what we know and have learned, either through instructions or through observation and assimilation. When we are not making an effort to learn, our mind is always processing new information or trying to analyze the similarities as well as the tiny nuances within the context which makes the topic stand out or seem different. If that is the case then the mind definitely holds the potential to learn more, however, it is us who stop ourselves from expanding the horizons of our knowledge with self-doubt or other social, emotional, or economic constraints. While most feel that education is a necessity, they tend to use it as a tool for reaching a specific target or personal mark, after which there is no further need to seek greater education. Nonetheless, the importance of education in society is indispensable and cohering, which is why society and knowledge cannot be ever separated into two distinct entities. Let us find out more about the role of education in society and how it affects our lives. Receiving a good education helps empower you, thus making you strong enough to look after yourself in any given situation. It keeps you aware of your given surrounding as well as the rules and regulations of the society you’re living in. It’s only through knowledge that you can be able to question authority for its negligence or discrepancies. It is only then that you can avail your rights as a citizen and seek improvement in the structural functioning of governance and economy. It’s only when a citizen is aware about the policies of its government can he be able to support or protest the change. As a whole, people can bring about development only when they know where improvement is necessary for the greater good of mankind. Education helps you understand yourself better, it helps you realize your potential and qualities as a human being. It helps you to tap into latent talent, so that you may be able to sharpen your skills. Another importance of education is that it helps you gain sufficient academic qualification so that you are able to get suitable employment at a later stage. A decent employment would be combined with hard-earned remuneration or salary through which you can look after your personal expenses. While you earn for yourself, you gradually begin to realize the true worth of money and how hard it is to earn it. You realize the significance of saving for a rainy day and for unforeseeable contingencies. There also comes a phase when the amount you are earning presently will seem inadequate because your aspirations and expectations from yourself would have grown considerably. After this, you will want to change jobs so as to have a higher profile. However, here is when you need to be prepared. A promotion of this figure can occur in two given situations, which are, that either you have the necessary higher academic qualification or a college degree which allows you a safe passage, or that you have amassed enough practical experience which allows you to be a suitable candidate for the employment you seek. This is why college education is very important after high school and must not be taken for granted. When faced with the option of choosing between a highly qualified candidate and a not so educated candidate, the employers will most probably go in for the qualified person. The reason being that, a qualified candidate will not require much investment of the employer’s time and money. The organization need not teach him or her the tricks of the trade, or the various ways of functioning and performing the tasks of the workplace. On the contrary, a novice / amateur applicant would need to be taught everything from scratch, which many employer’s are usually not willing to do. The same applies for people who seek higher education and get advanced diplomas while working. These people are continuously improving their profile and their knowledge base so as to go higher up on the competitive ladder. Those who have amassed enough education, steer the path of development and progress for their country. It is these individuals who go ahead and become teachers, scientists, inventors, welfare activists, soldiers, and politicians who work together to form the very backbone of the society. Without this pool of intellect, the economic and social framework would crumple and fall, paving its way for anarchy, degradation, and violence. While this intricate balance of growth is maintained, there will be a continuous rise in progress in all quarters of life, whether that be personal growth, or development of the nation as an entity. This progress has a very important role to play for the coming generations, which will reap the benefits of our hard work, as they develop it further. At the same time, the negative impact of our actions shall have its collateral damage on the coming generation as well. Which is why we must be exceptionally prudent about the decisions we make and the actions we take in the present. This is when you will decide to become a self-employed individual, who would like to watch his / her own ideas take realistic form. You would prefer being the one offering job opportunities to others and aid in providing income to them. At this stage of entrepreneurship, you may use your own expertise as well as that of other trained and skilled associates. As a team, you will find your business or venture expanding and yielding good results. You may even gain the confidence and insight, which will help you diversify and spread your expertise into other business arenas, which were previously unknown to you, or you were unsure about. This ability, comes with experience and knowledge amassed over the years. Education and studying regularly, gives people of all age groups something substantial and challenging to do. It helps them think and use their idle hours, doing something productive and worthwhile. Education need not be purely academic and may include reading for leisure or as a passion for literature, philosophy, art, politics, economics, or even scientific research. There is no limit, to all that you can teach yourself, only if you take the interest to learn and grow as an individual. However, those who treat knowledge as trash, eventually find themselves getting absorbed with thoughts of violence, and jealously against those who are better off than themselves. It is people such as these who turn towards drug addiction, unnecessary rebellion, crime, and plain inactivity. Such people lack the self-esteem, that a good education often provides to its followers. Education is an important factor inside mankind’s existence. Youngster’s who want to always be Educate will offer a greater impending for the kids or maybe their own around close relatives in addition to nations. Using improved Education, numerous other areas are generally favorably damaged. In other words, education gets the power to produce the earth a greater location. Knowledge implies you could receive a greater handing over method, that can implies you could be more in financial terms guaranteed. Advises people how to deal with liability, Will give you giving her a very means to contemplate without help as well as back-up your battles. Shows someone to extra on the acquaintances allowing you to find as well as data wide variety and different factors relating to perspective. Assists you to recognize your prospective, that can implies you could permit you to eventually carry out higher than everyone believed you could potentially carry out before. Education starts with preschool and end up receiving excellent stage may be operations, medical professional, electrical engineer, builder, attorney at law and many other. Within reasonably competitive life group of friends also to preserve common leaving it’s required to get these levels. Due to the fact this will make a decision the future and can assists to offer the Vision & imagine anyone. Education and learning will be a sort of common competition established by culture, it’s obligatory for all to be able to get involved as well as gain the particular competition. Due to the fact With out having formal study as well as levels humans usually are not whole throughout today’s world. Education the only real instrument which will keep updating those on a regular basis and yes it aids to visit to your next label within lifestyle. Knowledge enables folks work better and can build opportunities with regard to maintainable as well as practical monetary progress now as well as time. Understanding inspires presence, excellent federal, equilibrium as well as enables challenge towards graft as well as offender motion. Education is essential for everyone. It is the level of education that helps people earn respect and recognition. In my opinion, it is indispensable part of life both personally and socially. However, the unequal standard of education is still a major problem that needs to be solved. The importance of education is undeniable for every single person. It goes without saying that education has a positve effect on human life. All people need to study. Only with the advent of education can people gain knowledge and enlarge their view over the world. For example, learning by watching TV or reading books gives people a huge amount of information about anything they are interested in such as mathematics, current news, exchange rates, other countries’ cultures and so on. Apparently, people may become more useful and civilzed if better educated. In areas where residents are not able to receive an appropriate education, life cannot be as thriving and properous as locations where there is a high standard for education. Conclusion Education is absolutely beneficial for society on the whole. It is a life-long process to each person that need to be reinforced throughout life.

Budget Line Graph and Indifference Curve Practice

Budget Line Graph and Indifference Curve Practice In microeconomic theory, an indifference curve generally refers to a graph that illustrates different levels of utility, or satisfaction, of a consumer who has been presented with assorted combinations of goods. That is to say that at any point on the graphed curve, the consumer holds no preference for one combination of goods over another. In the following practice problem, however, we will be looking at indifference curve data as it relates to the combination of hours that can be allotted to two workers in a hockey skate factory. The indifference curve created from that data will then plot the points at which the employer presumably should have  no preference for one combination of scheduled hours over another because the same output is met. Lets take a glimpse at what that looks like. Practice Problem Indifference Curve Data The following represents the production of two workers, Sammy and Chris, showing the number of completed hockey skates they can produce over the course of a regular 8-hour day: Hour Worked Sammys Production Chriss Production 1st 90 30 2nd 60 30 3rd 30 30 4th 15 30 5th 15 30 6th 10 30 7th 10 30 8th 10 30 From this indifference curve data, we have created 5 indifference curves, as shown in our indifference curve graph. Each line represents the combination of hours we can assign to each worker in order to get the same number of hockey skates assembled. The values of each line are as follows: Blue - 90 Skates AssembledPink - 150 Skates AssembledYellow - 180 Skates AssembledCyan - 210 Skates AssembledPurple - 240 Skates Assembled This data provides the starting point for data-driven decision making regarding the most satisfactory or efficient schedule of hours for Sammy and Chris based on output. To accomplish this task, we will now add a budget line to the analysis to show how these indifference curves can be used to make the best decision. Introduction to Budget Lines A consumers budget line, like an indifference curve, is a graphical depiction of assorted combinations of two goods that the consumer can afford based upon their current prices and his or her income. In this practice problem, we will be graphing the employers budget for employees salaries against the indifference curves that depict various combinations of scheduled hours for those workers. Practice Problem 1 Budget Line Data For this practice problem, assume that you have been told by the chief financial officer of the hockey skate factory that you have $40 to spend on salaries and with that you are to assemble as many hockey skates as possible. Each of your employees, Sammy and Chris, both make a wage of $10 an hour. You write the following information down: Budget: $40Chriss Wage: $10/hrSammys Wage: $10/hr If we spent all of our money on Chris, we could hire him for 4 hours. If we spent all of our money on Sammy, we could hire him for 4 hours in Chris place. In order to construct our budget curve, we jot down two points on our graph. The first (4,0) is the point at which we hire Chris and give him the total budget of $40. The second point (0,4) is the point at which we hire Sammy and give him the total budget instead. We then connect those two points. Ive drawn my budget line in brown, as seen here on the Indifference Curve vs. Budget Line Graph. Before moving forward, you may want to keep that graph open in a different tab or print it out for future reference, as we will be examining it closer as we move along. Interpreting the Indifference Curves and Budget Line Graph First, we must understand what the budget line is telling us. Any point on our budget line (brown) represents a point at which we will spend our entire budget. The budget line intersects with the point (2,2) along the pink indifference curve indicating that we can hire Chris for 2 hours and Sammy for 2 hours and spend the full $40 budget, if we so choose. But the points that lie both below and above this budget line also have significance. Points Below the Budget Line Any point below the budget line is considered  feasible but inefficient because we can have that many hours worked, but we would not spend our entire budget. For instance, the point (3,0) where we hire Chris for 3 hours and Sammy for 0 is feasible but inefficient because here we would only spend $30 on salaries when our budget is $40. Points Above the Budget Line Any point above the budget line, on the other hand, is considered  infeasible because it would cause us to go over our budget. For instance, the point (0,5) where we hire Sammy for 5 hours is infeasible as it would cost us $50 and we only have $40 to spend. Finding the Optimal Points Our optimal decision will lie on our highest possible indifference curve. Thus, we look at all the indifference curves and see which one gives us the most skates assembled. If we look at our five curves with our budget line, the blue (90), pink (150), yellow (180), and cyan (210)  curves all have portions that are on or below the budget curve meaning that they all have portions that are feasible. The  purple (250) curve, on the other hand, is at no time feasible since it is always strictly above the budget line. Thus, we remove the purple curve from consideration. Out of our four remaining curves, cyan is the highest and is the one that gives us the highest production value, so our scheduling answer must be on that curve. Note that many points on the cyan curve are above the budget line. Thus not any point on the green line is feasible. If we look closely, we see that any points between (1,3) and (2,2) are feasible as they intersect with our brown budget line. Thus according to these points, we have two options: we can hire each worker for 2 hours or we can hire Chris for 1 hour and Sammy for 3 hours. Both scheduling options result in the highest possible number of hockey skates based on our workers production and wages and our total budget. Complicating the Data:  Practice Problem 2 Budget Line Data On page one, we solved our task by determining the optimal number of hours we could hire our two workers, Sammy and Chris, based on their individual production, their wage, and our budget from the company CFO. Now the CFO has some new news for you. Sammy has gotten a raise. His wage is now increased to $20 an hour, but your salary budget has stayed the same at $40. What should you do now? First, you jot down the following information: Budget: $40Chriss Wage: $10/hrSammys New Wage: $20/hr Now, if you give the entire budget to Sammy you can only hire him for 2  hours,  while you can still hire Chris for four hours using the entire budget.  Thus,  you now mark the points (4,0) and (0,2) on your indifference curve graph and draw a line between them. Ive drawn a brown line between them, which you can see on  Indifference Curve vs. Budget Line Graph 2. Once again,  you may want to keep that graph open in a different tab or print it out for reference, as we will be examining it closer as we move along. Interpreting the New Indifference Curves and Budget Line Graph Now the area beneath our budget curve has shrunk. Notice the shape of the triangle has also changed. Its much  flatter,  since the attributes for Chris (X-axis) havent changed any, while Sammys time (Y-axis) has become much more expensive. As we can see. now the purple, cyan, and yellow curves are all above the budget line indicating that they are all unfeasible. Only the blue (90 skates) and pink (150 skates) have portions that are not above the  budget line. The blue curve, however, is completely below our budget line, meaning all the points represented by that line are feasible but inefficient. So we will disregard this indifference curve as well. Our only options left are along the pink indifference curve. In fact, only points on the pink line between (0,2) and (2,1) are feasible, thus we can either hire Chris for 0 hours and Sammy for 2 hours or we can hire Chris for 2 hours and Sammy for 1 hour, or some combination of factions of hours that fall along those two points on the pink indifference curve. Complicating the Data:  Practice Problem 3 Budget Line Data Now for another change to our practice problem. Since Sammy has become relatively more expensive to hire, the CFO has decided to increase your budget from $40 to $50. How does this impact your decision? Lets write down what we know: New Budget: $50Chriss Wage: $10/hrSammys Wage: $20/hr We see that if you give the entire budget to Sammy you can only hire him for 2.5  hours,  while you can hire Chris for five hours using the entire budget if you wish.  Thus,  you can now mark  down  the points (5,0) and (0,2.5) and draw a line between them. What do you see? If drawn correctly, youll note that the new budget line has moved upward. It has also moved parallel to the original budget line, a phenomenon that occurs whenever we increase our budget. A decrease in  budget, on the other hand, would be represented by a parallel shift downward in the  budget line. We see that the yellow (150) indifference curve is our highest feasible curve. To make the must select a point on that curve on the line between (1,2), where we hire Chris for 1 hour and Sammy for 2, and (3,1) where we hire Chris for 3 hours and Sammy for 1. More Economics Practice Problems: 10 Supply Demand Practice ProblemsMarginal Revenue and Marginal Cost Practice ProblemElasticity of Demand Practice Problems